Правові позиції Європейського суду з прав людини у рішеннях проти України щодо права людини на життя

Abstract

Виявлено та проаналізовано рішення Європейського суду з прав людини, де до констатації порушення обов՚язків держави, що випливають зі статті 2 Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод (право на життя) причетні працівники органів внутрішніх справ. У рішеннях Європейського суду з прав людини щодо України зафіксовано факти причетності працівників органів внутрішніх справ до порушення негативного, позитивного та процесуального обов՚язків держави за статтею 2 Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод. Показано, в яких саме діяннях працівників органів внутрішніх справ виявлялися ці порушення. Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights have been identified and analyzed that stated the violation by the state its obligations arising from Article 2 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (right to life), in which violation employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine had been involved. The right always correlates with a specific obligation. Article 2 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms implies the following obligations of the state: negative – not to kill; positive – to protect the right to life; and the procedural obligation concerning the investigation, for which the state should bear responsibility in cases of suspicious death. The judgments of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Ukraine recorded facts of involvement ofemployees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in violation of negative, positive and procedural obligations under Article 2 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It has been shown in which actions these violations by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs occurred. Having analyzed the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Ukraine, no decision has been found, where the restriction on the right to life, in particular, by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, would correspond to the European Convention on Human Rights. Part 2 of Article 2 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms states that the deprivation of life is not regarded as such that has been done in breach of this article, when it results exclusively from the use of force: a) to protect any person from unlawful violence; b) to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; c) in action lawfully taken for quelling a riot or an insurrection. According to the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the state would be too much burdened, if it would be liable for any death of a person, given the unpredictability of human behavior, so the question of negative and positive obligations will arise in case of involvement of representatives of the state, and concerning procedural оbligations, the issue of compliance will arise concerning actions made by persons of both private and public law. In any case, a proper and effective investigation into suspicious death should be conducted.