Державно-правовий статус українців у Російській імперії (XVIII – XIX ст.ст.)

Abstract

Проаналізовано формування державного і правового статусу українців на українських територіях, які входили до складу Російської імперії. Констатовано, що суверенної держави і права українських земель у період знаходження України в складі Російської імперії не існувало, оскільки територія України була частиною царської Росії, за формою державного устрою – провінція Росії, а за формою правління – абсолютна монархія Росії із антидемократичним ранньо-буржуазним державно-правовим режимом. Formation of state and legal status of Ukrainians on Ukrainian territories, which entered in the structure of the Russian empire, is analysed in the article. It is established in the process of scientific secret service, that a nation-state and right for Ukrainian earth in a period being Ukraine in structure of the Russian empire did not exist, as territory of Ukraine was part of Russia Empire, as a form of the political system – it was a province of Russia, and as a form of a rule – absolute Russia monarchy with the antidemocratic earl-bourgeois state-legalmode. Russia, after wars with Turkey, fastened for itself earth of central, south and east Ukraine and spread the administrative-territorial device on all the territory. In Ukraine, next to a new administrative-territorial device, the new organs of administration and court were entered. A governor or governor general stood at the head of province. A tsar appointed governor general in governor generals. Branch establishments of corresponding ministries operated in provinces. At a governor there was a management in composition of vice-governor, advisers and public prosecutor. Provinces in Ukraine were divided into districts, administratively-constabulary and judicial functions which were executed by сaptain-performer. The population of Ukrainian territory strictly submitted to the central and local organs of power and management. On a background new public mutual relations Ukrainians had to be written into the stranger bourgeois way of life, which did not answer their perception of the world, traditional public organization, personal and collective mentality. At the beginning of the 19th century in Russia, especially in the German spirit, the inculcated control system (both for vertical lines and for horizontals) was worked out by vast territories of empire with a numerous and heterogeneous polyglot population. Priority in such all-embracing state structure, again, on the German line-up, belonged to the imperious vertical line; about any will of people and his participating in creation of the state in general language of not remembered in general.