Співпраця органів виконання покарань з органами державної безпеки у боротьбі з бандитизмом (на матеріалах Західної України 1944–1953 рр.)

Abstract

На основі архівних матеріалів, наукових публікацій розглянуто співпрацю органів виконання покарань з органами державної безпеки в боротьбі з бандитизмом на території західних областей України в післявоєнне десятиріччя. Наведено нормативні документи, які регулювали арешти, заслання, виселення. Узагальнено, що співпраця органів виконання покарань МВС УРСР з МДБ УРСР була спрямована на боротьбу з бандитизмом шляхом активного здійснення військово-чекістських операцій, агентурно-оперативних заходів із застосуванням спецгруп; оперативно-агентурна робота в місцях позбавлення волі здійснювалася завдяки «інформаторам» та «агентам» серед засуджених. On the basis of archival materials and scientific publications the cooperation of punishment execution organs with organs of state security in a fight against gangsterism on the territory of western areas of Ukrаine in a postwar decade is considered. The normative documents that regulated arrests, exiles and evictions are given. It is generalized that cooperation of punishment execution organs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) with the Ministry of State Security of Ukrainian SSR was directed at the fight against gangsterism by means of active realization of Chekist military operations and secret service and operative measures with the use of special groups. The operative secret service in prisons was conducted due to “informants» and “agents» from a number of convicts. Over the years the punitive and repressive system extended a secret service network, formed destructive battalions, assistance аnd informants groups by the territory and some other certain features as well as public order maintenance groups. A significant place in the punitive and repressive apparatus was given to punishment execution organs. Their main functions were the guard and maintenance of arrested persons and convicts and control over eviction and sending them to the fixed places of serving their sentences. The materials of cases against the bandits of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) did not often have sufficient evidence of their “subversive» activity, however joint secret service and operative work of state structures contributed to the severest punishment that was public physical destruction, 15-25- year isolation or life-term eviction to special settlements. The ramified network of secret service and operative work at liberty and places of imprisonment gave desirable results of the drawn tasks of the whole punitive and repressive system in the fight against gangsterism. Mass arrests, executions and deportations are the results of "effective" cooperation of punishment execution organs with organs of state security in the fight against gangsterism on the western areas of Ukraine in the first postwar decade.