Договір спадкування за нормами цивільного права Польщі (1918–1939 рр.)

Abstract

Розглянуто спадковий договір як особливий вид правочину, характериний для польських земель під час існування Польщі у міжвоєнний період (1918–1939 рр.). Визначено основні аспекти його укладення, припинення дії та визнання недійсним. Проаналізовано особливості предмета та субʼєктів договору, подано їх порівняльну характеристику відповідно до чинного законодавства на колишніх німецьких, австрійських територіях та території колишнього Польського королівства (Конгресового). Встановлено, що спадковий договір (його аналогом на території колишнього Конгресового королівства був договір дарування майбутньої власності) міг укладатися лише подружжям на користь одне одного, а на колишніх німецьких землях поряд із подружжям, спадкоємцями могли бути й інші родичі, а також і треті особи. An inheritance agreement as a special type of legal transaction what was peculiar for the Polish lands during the existence of Poland (1918-1939 yr.) is considered. The main aspects of its conclusion, suspension, invalidation is determined. The subjects and objects of an agreement are analyzed and its comparative characteristic according to the current legislation in the ex-German, ex-Austrian territories and the ex-Congressional Kingdom is presented in the article. It is discovered that the inheritance agreement (its analogue in the ex-Congressional Kingdom was the donation contract for future property) could be concluded only by a couple on a benefit to each other, and on the ex-German lands along with the couple, the relatives and the third parties could the оther heirs. The inheritance agreement is characterized by controversial content, terms of concluding, subjects and occasions and legal consequences sometimes in the territory of Poland in the interwar period (1918–1939). In the ex-Austrian and ex-German territories of Poland, the inheritance agreement was a special alternative way of a will making. The German Civil Code made possible for testators to dispose of their property without any conditions for the alienation of certain shares in favor of other heirs and third parties, as opposed to the Austrian Civil Code, which indicated a list of conditions under which the distribution of inherited property took place. In the territories of the exCongressional Кingdom, there was no inheritance agreement, but its lternative was the gift contract of future property, which was regulated by the norms that characterized the simple gift contract, but with a spesial subject and object. In the Оbligation Code of Poland, there were no rules for the conclusion of this type of contract, but during the entire life of the Poland from 1918 till 1939, inheritance agreement took place and entered into in accordance with the norms of the legislation in force in the united territories.