Умови визнання доказами результатів негласних слідчих (розшукових) дій

Abstract

У статті, на підставі аналізу чинного вітчизняного та зарубіжного законодавства, спеціальної літератури з кримінального процесу, криміналістики і слідчої та судової практики, визначені умови визнання доказами результатів негласних слідчих (розшукових) дій. In the article, based on the analysis of long-term practice of the European court of human rights and the experience of pre-trial investigation of a number of European countries, which was systematized and set out in Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers to member states «On "special investigative techniques" serious crimes, including acts of terrorism» N Rec (2005) 10 of 20 April 2005, the criminal procedure law of France, Germany, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Latvia, Georgia, Moldova, Austria, Poland, the literature on criminal procedure, criminology and national investigative and judicial practice, defied the conditions for recognition by evidence of results of undercover investigative (search) actions, namely: 1) the data should relate to the circumstances, subject to proof in criminal proceedings (articles 85, 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) of Ukraine); 2) the evidence must be obtained from procedural sources mentioned in article 84 part 2 the CPC of Ukraine, formed in the manner prescribed by the CPC of Ukraine (article 86 part 1of the CPC of Ukraine); 3) the data can be used as the actual basis of the evidence, if they have been tested by conducting other investigative (search) and undercover investigative (search) actions in accordance with the requirements of the CPC of Ukraine (article 94 the CPC of Ukraine); 4) declassifiation the certain physical media of undercover investigative (search) action, and of the inability of declassifiation providing access to participants of criminal proceedings in the manner prescribed by legislation; 5) persons, whose constitutional rights have been temporarily restricted during the undercover investigation (search) action, as well as the suspect, his lawyer, must be notifid in writing by the prosecutor or on its behalf by the investigator about this limitation (article 253 of the CPC of Ukraine).