Методи профілактики виникнення професійних ризиків та деформацій у професійній діяльності працівників медичної та соціальної сфери

Abstract

Професійна діяльність фахівців медичної та соціальної сфери окреслюється як “ресурсозатратна”, тому спеціалісти даних професій перебувають в умовах високого професійного ризику. За таких умов, для профілактики виникнення професійних ризиків, а в подальшому професійно-особистісних деформацій працівника доцільно активізувати їхню участь у групах особистісної та професійної підтримки щодо подолання негативних проявів, спричинених професійною діяльністю. Psychological analysis of the problem of occupational risk for the specialists of social and medical spheres who help in overcoming a variety of life-threatening personality crises has made it possible to distinguish its most signifcant types: countertransference or traumatic countertransference – these are the emotional reactions of a specialist that arise as a result of “overlaying” their own conflicts and problematic situations of the client; secondary (delegated, secular, induced) traumatism is a sign of a suffered social and psychological or physical injury, and work with a client accentuates negative events, causing “secondary traumatism” (secondary injuries) or realizes “delegated traumatism”, that is, the use of psychological protections, which leads to a violation of the vital activity of the individual; professional (emotional) burnout, as a syndrome of energy loss, a sense of overloading oneself with problems of others, disappointment in professional activity. Te professional risks substantiate a number of extremely serious negative consequences for the person’s mental health, therefore it is advisable to distinguish the following directions of psychological assistance to specialists for prevention of risks in their professional activity, namely: groups of mutual support (association of specialists who work in a certain direction, in order to provide the appropriate type of assistance to each member of the group); supervision is one of the methods of training and advanced training of specialists. Provides the opportunity for professionals to analyze their professional activity and factors that block the professional relationship with the client, inducing to review the stereotypes that arise in the process of activity; – the method of Balint groups (temporary associations of doctors, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers or students who master these specialties, who during the meetings discuss their therapeutic or psychiatric experience). Te main goals of the Balint group are: increasing the competence in professional interpersonal communication; awareness of personal problems that block the professional relationship between a specialist and a client; improvement of the mental state of specialists under the action of collegial support and the joint development and realization of complex cases.