Склад і структура мікрополя прикметників зі значенням ставлення людини до праці

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано склад та структуру мікрополя прикметників сучасної української мови, об’єднаних значенням «ставлення людини до праці» як складника лексикосемантичного поля зі значенням морально-етичних характеристик особи. Виокремлено ядерну та периферійну зони мікрополя, установлено набір інтегральних та диференційних сем його конституентів, з’ясовано зв’язки та відношення між прикметниками, що входять до його складу, визначено шляхи поповнення цієї мікросистеми одиницями інших лексикосемантичних груп та полів. Introduction. The cognition of the certain nation mental characteristics on the basis of language picture of the world study is an interesting direction of modern linguistic research. This interest is determined by the anthropocentric orientation of scientific research in the humanitarian sector. In recent years, linguists have repeatedly focused their attention on the analysis of lexemes with meaning of a person evaluation characteristics. Purpose. The article’s purpose is to establish the composition and structure of the microfield of adjectives indicating the man’s attitude to work, to identify the ratio of core and peripheral constituents and ways of replenishing this microsystem by the adjectives of other lexicalsemantic groups. Methods. Descriptive, structural, techniques of functional-semantic and contextual analysis. Results. Adjectives indicating a person’s attitude to work or employment constitute a separate microsystem in the structure of the lexical-semantic field of adjectives of the moral and ethical characteristics of a person, which, in turn, is subdivided into subgroups with the meaning of “hard working”, “diligent”, “practical”, “active”, “smart” and antonymic to them. Core constituents of a microfield transmit the integral meaning of subgroups, completing it with additional semes, “works a lot / a little”, “likes / does not like to work”, “works fast / slowly”, “has no patience and endurance”, “does not show initiative”. Periphery of the microfield is formed by the units of other lexical-semantic groups that implement the corresponding semantics on the basis of secondary nominations of adjectives with the meaning of the method and sources of human existence, emotional and mental status of a man, features of attention development, and characteristics of objects due to their functional suitability. Distant periphery includes adjectives with low frequency and limited scope of use. Originality. The relevance of the proposed study is conditioned by the lack of a comprehensive analysis of adjectives in the Ukrainian linguistics marking a person’s attitude to work, which is an integral part of the lexical-semantic field with the meaning of the moral and ethical characteristics of a person. Conclusion. The microfield of adjectives with the meaning of the man’s attitude to work has a complex, branched structure, and its formation confirms the thesis of ordering and consistency of the lexical composition of the language. Its characteristic feature is the significant quantitative advantage of the constituents of the peripheral zone and parallelism in the development of the meanings and the filling of antonymic groups.