Основні загрози економічній безпеці держави в сучасних умовах розвитку

Abstract

Доведено важливість забезпечення економічної безпеки держави та протидії негативному впливу загроз, що їй можуть зашкодити. Охарактеризовано сутність економічної безпеки держави і її важливість для національної безпеки в цілому. Визначено основні суб’єкти і об’єкти економічної безпеки держави. Доведено важливість виокремлення ключових загроз в розрізі основних складових економічної безпеки держави. Сформовано основні наукові погляди на складові економічної безпеки держави. В результаті проведеного дослідження, виділено основні складові економічної безпеки держави: зовнішньоекономічна, фінансова, екологічна, інвестиційно-інноваційна та соціально-демографічна. Розподілено вплив ключових загроз на економічну безпеку України через її основні складові. Запропоновано основні заходи щодо протидії негативному впливу загроз економічній безпеці України, серед яких: тісна співпраця з міжнародними організаціями, подолання корупції, покращення добробуту населення та відновлення інвестиційної привабливості в регіонах країни. The state of national security of Ukraine means the protection of the vital interests of a person and citizen, society and the state, which ensures sustainable development of the society, timelyidentification, prevention and neutralization of real and potential threats to national interests. An integral component of national security is the economic security of the state. The economy of Ukraine has gone through a thorny path, which included significant obstacles to achieving stability and balance. Recent events in the country have created new factors, a negative impact that helps to reduce economic security as a single socio-economic system, and the state as a whole. Strengthening economic security, today can be seen both at the micro and the macro level. Whether it is a single enterprise, through the formation of appropriate departments of economic security, it seeks to protect its own interests or a state that, at the macro level, takes measures to protect its national economic interests. Recent events in the country have led to an increase in the negative impact of both internal and external threats. But besides this, political and economic instability in the country led to the formation of new threats. Given the level of significance of new threats and dangers, the issue of studying the problems of identifying threats that have the greatest impact on the economic security of the state and highlighting the main measures to counteract this influence is of particular relevance. Paying tribute to the scientific achievement of leading domestic economists, it should be noted that today's changes in both the external and internal environment of the state require a new assessment and identification of the most influential threats and key countermeasures. The main goal of the study is to identify the main threats to the economic security of the state and measures to counter their influence. The importance of ensuring the economic security of the state and counteracting the negative impact of threats is proved, it can be harmed. The main subjects and objects of economic security of the state are identified. The economic security of the state is a comprehensive but at the same time large-scale system that includes a number of components, each of which has its own characteristics of the level of sensitivity to the negative impact of threats. Therefore, before highlighting the main threats to the economic security of the state, it is necessary to highlight its key components. The importance of highlighting key threats in the context of the main components of the economic security of the state is proved. The basic scientific views on the components of the economic security of the state are formed. As a result of the study, the main components of the economic security of the state are identified: foreign economic, financial, environmental, investment-innovative and socio-demographic. The influence of key threats on the economic security of Ukraine is distributed through its main components. The list of key threats to Ukraine’s economic security identified by us in terms of its main components is not exhaustive and can be expanded. However, in our opinion, it is precisely the threats that were presented today that pose the greatest danger to the national economic interests of our state. Given the significant number of components of the economic security of the state, we can talk about a comprehensive danger in case of escalating the negative impact of the main threats. In Ukraine, problems can be traced for each of the components identified by us. The basic measures are proposed to counter the negative impact of threats to the economic security of Ukraine, among which are: close cooperation with international organizations, overcoming corruption, improving the welfare of the population and restoring investment attractiveness in the regions of the country. The economic security of the state includes a significant number of components that are interconnected and at the same time independent systems with their own elements. However, in parallel with this, they also suffer from the negative impact of threats and therefore, in our opinion, the definition of the main threats should be considered in the context of each component of the economic security of the state.