Обставини, що підлягають встановленню на початковому етапі досудового розслідування сексуальних убивств

Abstract

Наукову статтю присвячено висвітленню обставин, що підлягають встановленню на початковому етапі досудового розслідування сексуальних вбивств. Проведеним аналізом встановлено, що визначення переліку обставин, що підлягають встановленню під час розслідування кримінального провадження має важливе значення. Доведено, що правильне визначення обсягу таких обставин у кожному конкретному кримінальному провадженні забезпечить повноту, цілеспрямованість та об’єктивність дослідження події злочину. The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of the circumstances to be established at the initial stage of the pre-trial investigation of sexual murders. The analysis shows that determining the list of circumstances to be established during the investigation of criminal proceedings is important. It is proved that the correct determination of the scope of such circumstances in each specific criminal proceeding will ensure the completeness, purposefulness and objectivity of the investigation of the crime. It is established that the analysis of judicial and investigative practices, scientific sources makes it possible to systematize the circumstances that need to be established on the basis of criminal proceedings on sexual murders. A detailed analysis of the circumstances to be established at the initial stage of the pre-trial investigation of sexual murders was conducted. Emphasis is placed on the fact that information about the manner of committing sexual murder and the typical actions of the murderer at the scene can be used to create a psychological search profile or, as it is also called, a forensic portrait. The circumstances that contribute to the commission of a sexual murder are emphasized, namely: threats to turn to the police during the commission of rape; the victim was intoxicated or mentally ill (unaware of the nature of the actions taken against him); leaving a minor child unattended for a long time; group use of alcohol or drugs; the credulity of the victim. It is important to know the range of circumstances that must be established and investigated in criminal proceedings for sexual homicide, as this helps to purposefully conduct an investigation to establish all the circumstances of the crime and all the perpetrators. The expediency of drawing up an investigation plan was emphasized. Characteristic places of sexual murders have been established. It is proved that the signs of a series of murders by one person can be detected during the study of the results of examinations. The importance of information about the characteristics of the victim, which allows the investigation to establish the circle of persons who could see the victim shortly before the murder, the route to the place of attack; signs of the criminal, limits of carrying out investigative (search) actions and covert investigative (search) actions, and also to make a psychological profile of the murderer. It is emphasized that knowledge of the circumstances to be established enables the investigator to avoid unnecessary actions and to choose the correct, most rational way to investigate the circumstances of the murder. Thus, knowledge of these circumstances increases the efficiency of the investigation and saves time.