Кримінально-правова охорона статевої свободи та статевої недоторканості дитини: автореферат

Abstract

У роботі здійснено теоретичне узагальнення та запропоновано нове вирішення наукової проблеми кримінально-правової охорони статевої свободи та статевої недоторканості дитини. Основну увагу зосереджено на встановленні стану розробки відповідних питань у наукових джерелах, визначенні системи кримінально-правових норм, спрямованих на охорону дитини в цілому та її статевої свободи і статевої недоторканості зокрема за чинним КК України. Констатовано, що таку систему утворюють: чч. 2, 3 ст. 149, чч. 3, 4 ст. 152, чч. 3, 4 ст. 153, ст. 154, ст. 155, ст. 156, чч. 2, 4 ст. 301, чч. 3, 4 ст. 302, чч. 3, 4 ст. 303 КК України. Проаналізовано відповідність національного законодавства у цій частині міжнародно-правовим актам і сучасному європейському законодавству. Проведено детальну характеристику складів таких злочинів, ознак, що диференціюють відповідальність за їх вчинення, та меж караності таких посягань. Виявлено недоліки у кримінально-правовому забезпеченні охорони статевої свободи та статевої недоторканості дитини і запропоновано шляхи їх усунення. General conclusion and new solution of the scientific problems of criminal legal protection of sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child are made in the thesis. Part I of the scientific work deals with the state of scientific development of the problem of criminal protection of sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child in the Ukrainian legal literature. It is established that the Criminal Code of Ukraine has 43 articles where a child as a victim of a crime is a sign of the general or qualified corpus delicti of a crime. Therefore, the system of norms aimed at criminal protection of sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child is: p. 2, 3 Art. 149, p. 3, 4 Art. 152, p. 3, 4 Art. 153, Art. 154, Art. 155, Art. 156, p. 2, 4 Art. 301, p. 3, 4 Art. 302, p. 3, 4 Art. 303 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The conformity of the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of protection of sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child with the international standards, in particular the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse 2007, etc. is analyzed. The criminal laws of the Republic of Poland, the French Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany have been reviewed in terms of establishing the responsibility for offences against sexual rights of a person in general and a child in particular. The Part II of the thesis presents a comprehensive description of the corpus delicti of the crimes against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child. The concepts of sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child as the objects of such crimes are analyzed. It is proved that from the objective side such crimes have a formal corpus delicti – they are considered to be completed from the moment of committing the respective actions foreseen by the dispositions of the relevant articles. The author's approach to the interpretation of the concept of such socially dangerous acts and their differentiation is offered. It is established that in most crimes against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child, the subject of a crime is general. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the issues of the person's sanity considering the possible pedophilia disease, which, in some cases, could even exclude sanity. In the analysis of the subjective side of the corpus delicti of crimes against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of children it is substantiated that this side is characterized by an intentional form of guilt, which includes awareness of the socially dangerous nature of the actions (sexual acts) and awareness of the “special” status of the victim, and in some cases also “lack of consent”. The type of intention, in this case, can be either direct or indirect. Part III of the thesis analyzes the issues of qualifying signs and the punishability of the above mentioned crimes. It is established that the “value” of qualifying signs of a crime against a “minor” and an “infant” is so high that most other qualifying signs do not affect the qualification of such acts. Therefore, we support the view that qualifying signs should be foreseen in the General Part and their impact on the punishment for any crime should be clearly defined. The penalties for such crimes against a child in comparison with the penalties for the same crimes against adults are analyzed. The degree of increased responsibility for committing a crime against an infant in comparison to the responsibility for such acts against a minor has been researched. There are annexes to the thesis which provide a complete list of articles in the Chapters of the Special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine that provide or differentiate responsibility for crimes against a child, as well as in the form of tables illustrating the types of socially dangerous acts for which liability is provided in the current and previous editions of articles 152–155 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; the impact of qualifying signs on the responsibility for crimes against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a child; a comparison of punishability of actions according to the current and previous editions of articles 152–155 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.