Доктринальні визначення поняття «публічні послуги»

Abstract

Розглянуто доктринальні підходи до визначення поняття «публічні послуги», з’ясовано юридичну природу та сформовано визначення, проаналізовано сучасний стан функціонування цих послуг. Досліджено чинне національне законодавство щодо визначення понять «публічна послуга», «державна послуга», «адміністративна послуга», розглянуто теоретичні напрацювання щодо сутності понять «послуга», «публічна послуга», «адміністративна послуга». Публічні послуги – явище складне та багатоаспектне, їх можна розглядати як благо, функції, правовідносини, процес, об’єкт прав, ринок. Розглянуто публічні послуги як діяльність, що показує комплекс відносин, котрі реалізуються при наданні публічних послуг. The article deals with the doctrinal approaches to the defnition of "public services". The legal nature of the concept is determined and its defnition is formulated. The author analyzes the current state of functioning of these services. The current legislation concerning the defnition of "public service", "state service", and "administrative service" is investigated. The theoretical developments on the essence of the concepts "service", "public service", and "administrative service" are considered. Public services are a comprehensive and multifaceted phenomenon; they can be examined as welfare services, functions, legal relations, process, object of rights, market. Public services are considered as an activity performing a set of relationships that are implemented in the provision of public services. Public service is a mandatory law enforcement activity, legally established, which refers to the powers of the competent state executive bodies, aimed at exercising the rights or legitimate interests of the individual and legal entity that initiated it, fnanced from the relevant budget. The purpose of the doctrinal defnition of the concept of "public services" will not be implemented effectively if the scientifc study of key and related issues of the problem is not elaborated. Since the amendments to the legislation are signifcant and unquestionable, in the future it is advisable to establish the administrative and legal basis of public services that are not administrative, in the form of a special law. The content of the law shall include the concept of public services that can be formulated by distinguishing between types of publicly signifcant activities based on the mechanisms of organization of service provision; the composition of participants in legal relations; the recognition of the subjective public right of individuals to receive public services; principles of public services.