Належний спосіб отримання доказів у кримінальному процесі України крізь призму судових рішень

Abstract

Зазначено, що в Україні нині потребують удосконалення способи отримання доказів під час досудового розслідування, які треба планувати з урахуванням аналізу судової практики, зокрема аналізу оцінки доказів у суді на предмет їх належності та допустимості. Запропоновано використовувати експрес-тести для визначення наркотичного засобу під час затримання особи, закріпити правовий статус добровільної згоди осіб з метою уникнення двозначного трактування поняття добровільності у суді. Recently in Ukraine, the methods of obtaining evidence during the pre-trial investigation have to to be improved, both in terms of their normative consolidation and the practice of application. Ways to improve criminal procedural activity should be planned taking into consideration the analysis of judicial practice, in particular the analysis of the evaluation of evidence in court for their relevance and admissibility. The purpose of the work is to improve the receipt of evidence in the criminal process of Ukraine in an appropriate manner, which will be a guarantee of their admissibility in court. The following methods were used: comparative – legal – to compare normative – legal regulations and court decisions relating to the recognition of evidence as appropriate and admissible in a particular criminal proceeding; formal-legal – to determine the decisions of the court concerning the evaluation of evidence in criminal proceedings; methods of logical and systematic analysis – to develop an effective proposal to improve the methods of obtaining evidence during the pre-trial investigation in Ukraine. Results. It is proposed to apply rapid tests to determine the drug substance during the detention of a person. In addition, it is proposed to ammend to Part 1 of Art. 233 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, which regulates the right to break into the house or other property of a person with the voluntary consent of the person who owns them. It is proposed to consolidate the legal status of such a consent in order to avoid ambiguity of interpretation of the concept of voluntariness in court, in particular voluntary consent should be written in the form of a statement by the person himself with the obligatory indication of the relevant object of penetration. Conclusions. The appropriate method of obtaining evidence involves compliance with the procedural order of investigative (interrogative) or procedural actions. An indication of the proper way to obtain evidence is the correct choice of a specifc action or a set of actions necessary for a quality investigation of criminal proceedings.