Конституційний суд України: деякі дискусійні питання щодо його місця в сучасному механізмі держави

Abstract

Досліджено місце Конституційного Суду України в сучасному механізмі держави. Змінивши його статус як єдиного органу конституційної юрисдикції, конституційна реформа 2016 р. суттєво змінила його юридичну природу: він став самостійним органом конституційного контролю, рівновіддаленим від органів законодавчої, виконавчої, судової влади, президента та забезпечує дотримання принципу верховенства Конституції в їхній діяльності. The constitutional reform in the feld of justice in 2016 led to the development of the institution of constitutional justice in Ukraine. As a result of constitutional changes, the scientifc discussion on the legal nature and place of the Constitutional Court in the mechanism of the state has become especially relevant. The Constitutional Court is a legal institution, but it operates in both the system of legal and the system of political relations. Many of the decisions adopted by him on the basis of the Constitution have political and legal content and signifcance. If the Constitutional Court declares acts or their individual provisions unconstitutional, they shall cease to be valid. Therefore, the bodies of constitutional control are called «negative lawmakers». However, in some cases they are also «positive legislators», which also characterizes the legal nature of the Constitutional Court, as its legal positions are characterized by normative-interpretative, generalizing nature and universality. The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature and place of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the modern mechanism of the state. In essence, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is the highest constitutional body and occupies a special place in the system of separation of powers. By changing the status of the Constitutional Court as the only body of constitutional jurisdiction, the 2016 constitutional reform signifcantly changed its nature: it became an independent body of constitutional control, equidistant from the legislative, executive, judicial bodies and president. On certain grounds, the Constitutional Court is above these bodies, because through the exercise of constitutional control, this body can influence their activities by resolving cases on the constitutionality of acts issued by them and the ofcial interpretation of the Constitution of Ukraine.