Деякі аспекти комунікативного підходу до навчання іноземних мов майбутніх вчителів іноземних мов

Abstract

У статті розглядаються деякі аспекти комунікативного підходу до навчання іноземних мов майбутніх вчителів іноземних мов у контексті реалізації їх професійних знань, умінь та навичок під час практичної професійної діяльності в середніх закладах освіти. Ефективність педагогічної діяльності вчителя залежить від володіння ним іноземною мовою, психолого-педагогічної та методичної підготовки, якості навчальних матеріалів. Підкреслюється, що комунікативний підхід – стратегія, яка моделює реальне спілкування. Виділяються та описуються певні принципи для реалізації комунікативної спрямованості навчання іноземної мови в середніх закладах освіти. The article deals with analyzing some aspects of the communicative approach in teaching foreign languages to the future teachers of foreign languages in the context of realizing their professional knowledge, skills and habits during their professional activity in schools. The efficiency of the pedagogical activity of teachers depends on their language proficiency, psychological, pedagogical and methodical training, and the quality of academic materials. To achieve it it is necessary to concentrate on the professional orientation of the students, on teaching them oral speech, on working on the vocabulary, on the problem of compiling and organizing the academic materials. After graduating from a higher educational establishment the teachers of foreign languages must understand the oral dialogic and monologue speech and have a fluent proficiency and stylistically differentiated speech. It is stressed that the communicative approach is a strategy that models real communication. Learning a foreign language is learning to communicate and the aim of it is the ability to use the linguistic system effectively and adequately and to rely on the sense of the utterance. Language proficiency includes language competence and communicative competence, that is choosing and realizing the programme of speech behaviour depending on the abilities of people to orientate in the situation during communication, to classify the situations taking into consideration the topic, tasks, communicative policy that appear during communication in the process of adaptation of a speaker, and the knowledge of country-study character. Some principles for realizing the communicative orientation of learning a foreign language in schools are defined and described, among them the principle of choosing the language material for each type of speech activity; the principle of developing the system of exercises that form dialogical and monologue speech; the principles of choosing language material and developing a system of exercises for listening comprehension, and for reading without translation; the principle of the thematic organization of the vocabulary for developing the skills of oral speech; the principle of functional choosing the lexical and grammatical material for forming all the types of speech activity; the principle of the necessity of the situation and communicatively directed exercises for developing oral speech; oral basis of foreign language learning.