Сучасний стан запобігання та протидії домашньому насильству в Україні: законодавство та реалії

Abstract

У статті звертається увага, що захист прав та забезпечення захисту інтересів осіб, які постраждали від домашнього насильства є базовим принципом, на якому має ґрунтуватися діяльність відповідних органів державної влади, державних і недержавних установ та інституцій (в тому числі освітніх та медичних) України. Водночас домашнє насильство й жорстоке поводження щодо жінок та дітей є поширеним явищем. Діти найчастіше зазнають жорстокості з боку ровесників, але кожна четверта дитина з тих, хто потерпав від насильства та знущання, зіткнулася з цим у власній родині. The article draws attention to the fact that protecting the rights and ensuring the protection of the interests of victims of domestic violence is a basic principle on which the activities of relevant state authorities, state and non-state institutions and institutions (including educational and medical) of Ukraine should be based. At the same time, domestic violence and abuse of women and children is common. Children are most often abused by their peers, but one in four children who have experienced violence and bullying have experienced it in their own family. The norms of the current Ukrainian legislation do not yet fully provide for a coherent and effective mechanism for effectively ensuring the rights and interests of the child, which, unfortunately, are violated daily. The prevalence of social orphanhood, child begging, economic and sexual exploitation, including child labor, child abuse, child trafficking, and others remain high. Attention is drawn to the current state and existing problems in various areas of providing assistance and protection to victims of domestic violence. It was emphasized that the following are among the important areas of improvement in the provision of assistance and protection to the affected persons: the need to strengthen the informational component regarding the services that the affected person can apply for in their locality; creation of an adequate number of support services for affected persons, especially places of their safe stay, and ensuring their physical accessibility. The problems of child abuse and neglect of their needs in the family must be discussed at school and other public gatherings regarding upbringing, where effective decisions can be made. Without a national awareness campaign, it will be difficult to reduce the number of cases of child abuse and neglect. The protection and support of victims is carried out with the help of timely response, stopping the act of violence and protection of victims from the police, as well as support for victims and providing them with the necessary medical, psychological, social, legal assistance and services from non-governmental organizations, legal aid bureaus and centers, prosecutor's offices, judicial authorities (access to justice), general and specialized support services for victims, such as shelters, telephone "hot lines" and others.