Увага у навчальній діяльності підлітків

Abstract

Здійснено комплексний теоретичний аналіз сутності уваги як психічного процесу людини. Розглянуто та проаналізовано види, теорії уваги, визначено шляхи формування уваги, вказано методи розвитку уваги та наведено приклад власного емпіричного дослідження щодо стійкості уваги, яке дало змогу підтвердити, що від розвитку та організації уваги залежать якість і успішність сприйняття, засвоєння і розуміння навчального матеріалу. The complex theoretical analysis of the essence of attention as a psychological process of the person is carried out in the article; types and theories of attention are considered and analyzed; the ways of formation of attention are determined; the methods of development of attention are specified, and an example of empirical research concerning stability of attention is given, which has confirmed that quality and success of perception, assimilation and understanding of educational material depend on the development and organization of attention. Attention can be compared with a thermometer, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the advantages of teaching methods and the correctness of its organization. Since attention reveals the attitude of the person to the object to which the consciousness is directed, then the importance of objects, phenomena plays an important role for a person when focusing attention. Personality, being in a cheerful state, actively, busily refers to objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality, to his own experiences: he perceives something, remembers, and thinks about something. In such cases, he focuses his consciousness on what he perceives, memorizes, experiences, that is, he is attentive to something. Attention at the same time plays the most important role. Without attention we could not concentrate, focus on objects, phenomena. Attention is required in all varieties of sensory, intellectual and motor activity. The same attention of a teenager is characterized not only by volume but also by specific selectivity. It becomes more arbitrary and can be intentional. A teenager can keep a high intensity of attention for a long time. He has the ability to concentrate quickly and clearly distribute his attention. Attention of a teenager becomes a well-managed, controlled process and exciting activity. That is why the article analyzes the steadiness attention of adolescents on the basis of an example from empirical research.