Науково-теоретичні грані психологічного захисту особистості

Abstract

Представлено науково-теоретичний аналіз поняття «психологічний захист особистості». З’ясовано позиції З. Фрейда, А. Фрейд, Н. Мак-Вільямс щодо системного розуміння механізмів психологічного захисту особистості. Наведено трактування поняття психологічного захисту особистості провідних учених, таких як В. Банщиков, В. Бассін, Ф. Бассін, В. Від, В. Воло-вик, Р. Зачепицький, В. Рожнов, В. Ротенберг, В. Ташликов, І. Тонконогий, В. Цапкін. The scientific and theoretical analysis of the concept of «psychological protection of personality» is presented. The position of scientists regarding the systematic understanding of the mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual is analyzed. The notion of protective mechanisms was introduced by Z. Freud for «a common denominator of technology that Ego uses in conflicts that may lead to neuroses.» A. Freud believed that the protective mechanism is based on two types of reactions: blocking the expression of impulses in conscious behavior and distorting them to such an extent that their initial intensity declined significantly or declined to the side. N. McVilliams separates two levels of protective mechanisms according to their «primitiveness», that is, depending on how tangibly and strongly their application impedes a person to adequately perceive reality: primary and secondary protective mechanisms. Primitive: overwhelming control, dissociation, introjection, in particular identification with the aggressor, negation, primitive idealization, primitive isolation, design identification, projection, Ego splitting, somatization or conversion. Secondary: cancellation or recovery, repression, suppression or repression, reduction, substitution or displacement, neglect or avoidance, identification, isolation of emotion, intellectualization, compensation or hypercompensation, moralisation, playback, external response or discharge, turning against itself or autoaggression, separate thinking , rationalization, reactive formation, reversion, regression, sexualization or instinctization, sublimation. The interpretation of the notion of psychological protection of personality, which was considered by B. Banschikov, V. Bassin, F. Bassin, V. Vid, V. Volovyk, R. Zachepytskyi, V. Rozhnov, V. Rothenberg, V. Tashlykov, I. Tonkonogii, B. Tsapkin is described.