Сутність і значення боргової безпеки в системі економічної безпеки держави

Abstract

Розглянуто підходи до трактування понять «економічна безпека», «боргова безпека держави», «державний борг» та обґрунтовано їхню економічну природу й сутність. Проаналізовано різні наукові погляди відомих економістів на роль і значення державного боргу та його вплив на безпеку національної економіки. Наведено авторське бачення сутності боргової безпеки держави у розрізі таких підходів, як: елемент економічної безпеки; допустимий рівень (безпечний рівень) державної заборгованості; здатність до забезпечення безпеки системи управління боргом, зокрема ефективного використання залучених фінансових ресурсів та оптимального співвідношення між складовими державного боргу.The article deals with approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «economic security», «debt security of the state», «state debt», and their economic nature and essence are substantiated. A number of endogenous factors are reviewed, which affect the state of economic security of Ukraine. A clear relationship between state debt, and debt, financial and economic security of the state is established. Different scientific views of well-known economists on the role and the importanceof state debt and its impact on the security of the national economy are analyzed. The main paradigms of representatives of different economic schools for this phenomenon are highlighted. It is noted that the scientists of the classical school of political economy were of the opinion that state borrowings were a negative factor of the impact on the economy, whereas the supporters of the Keynesian paradigm believed that government borrowings should be carried out in order to expand the aggregate demand in the economy, since the public price of unemployment was much higher than the cost of the debt burden, and the scientists of the neoclassical school believed that the increase of taxes and state debt had the same impact on the economy. It is noted that, on the one hand, state debt as a tool of state influence on the economy is considered as a negative factor, but on the other hand, the theory of the necessity of state regulation of the economy that allows the use of state borrowings prevails. It is indicated that state debt is the main indicator of debt security of the state. Therefore, the system of the state debt management should be built with the obligatory consideration of the safe level of state debt security, because only effective debt policy can increase the level of debt security, maintain the stability of the financial system of the country and protect its national interests. The author has developed her own vision of the essence of debt security of the state in the context of such approaches as: an element of economic security; admissible level (security level) of state debt; the ability to ensure security of the debt management system, in particular, the effective use of the attracted financial resources and the optimal balance between the components of state debt.