Безпекова діяльність: системний підхід

Abstract

Розкрито сутність поняття «безпекова діяльність», наведено та обґрунтовано функціональну структуру безпекової діяльності, до якої належать: видові функції, методи та засоби. Удосконалено механізми безпекової діяльності, наведено основні властивості ієрархічних безпекових систем, а також умови, за яких будь-яка соціальна система може ефективно функціонувати, а саме: цілісності системи; обмеженої автономності елементів системи та їх дій; внутрішньої і зовнішньої активності системи. Охарактеризовано функціональний дійовий безпековий ефект. The article reveals the essence of the concept of«security activity», provides and justifies the functional structure of security activity, which includes: species functions, methods and tools. The mechanisms of security activity have been improved, which include: 1) mechanisms to prevent threats before it occurs or is realized; 2) mechanisms for detecting threats; 3) mechanisms for eliminating threats; 4) mechanisms for restoring activity, status and compensation for losses. It is substantiated that security activity is complex in structure and connections and at the same time integrated in various areas of activity, in this connection requires a systematic approach based on the foundations of theoretical knowledge. It allows us to reflect reality with the help of abstract thinking and research, in the process of which the essential properties or aspects of the object are singled out; objective laws, connections and tendencies of its development turn out to be inaccessible to sensory cognition. The main properties of hierarchical security systems are described and characterized: 1) the duality of the qualities of elements in the system; 2) the dictates of the upper levels over the lower ones; 3) the insensitivity of the upper levels to changes in the lower levels, and vice versa – the sensitivity of the lower levels to changes in the upper levels; 4) the allocation of useful functions at the hierarchy levels. It is also justified the conditions under which any social system, including security, can function effectively, namely: 1) the integrity of the system; 2) limited autonomy of the elements of the system and their actions; 3) internal and external activity of the system. The functional effective security effect, which is produced due to a combination of the actions of the security elements of the system, is characterized. This combination is based on the interaction and integration of the basic properties of the elements: kinship and difference. Ultimately, the system acquires a functional effective security effect in the form of stability and self-sufficiency of the system. In this way, the security system does what, under no circumstances, each of its elements can do individually. Thus, the activity of the security system is a constant reproduction of the functional effective security effect.