Корупція як ключова загроза економічній безпеці промислових підприємств в Україні

Abstract

З’ясовано сутність корупції з різних позицій. Зауважено, що за встановлення шляхів подолання корупції важливе визначення напрямів її впливу. Запропоновано авторський підхід до формування спектру наслідків впливу корупції на діяльність промислових підприємств. Corruption is one of the large-scale threats to the national security of Ukraine and the economic security of domestic enterprises. Given this, the problem of corruption requires a thorough scientific study in order to develop measures to neutralize it. The article explores the nature of corruption from the following positions: corruption as a form of criminal activity (rational approach), as rent-seeking behaviour, as a form of contractual agreements, as a phenomenon described by the «principal-agent» model, as a manifestation of opportunistic behaviour, as a factor in the decline of the state and market and as a mechanism for substitution for resources. The results of research into corruption conducted by both domestic and foreign scholars prove its massive negative impact on the activities of businesses of all sectors of the national economy. This caused the need to develop recommendations to address this threat. In determining ways to overcome corruption, the establishing of areas of its influence is essential. As a result, the author offered its own approach to building a range of effects of corruption on the activities of industrial enterprises, which range includes the following manifestations of impact: reducing the attractiveness of innovative activity, decreased amounts of foreign direct investment, rising prices for products, unequal distribution of wages in the enterprise, unjustified inspections by supervisory bodies, reducing udgetary allocations of funds, increased commercial and financial risks, lack of available funds for modernization, imposing «additional» taxes on enterprises which are paid in the form of bribes, creating circumstances that cause a transition of formal activities to the informal sector, lack of legitimate opportunities for participation in tenders, the nontransparency of the process of privatization of state-owned properties, the difficulty in resolving judicial disputes, problems with obtaining licenses and permits, reducing competitiveness of the enterprise in the market, complications with finding partners, increasing likelihood of illegal transactions of mergers and acquisitions, restricting access to resources, the sophisticated VAT refund procedure, and obstacles in entering international markets.