Безробіття як загроза соціальній безпеці

Abstract

Проаналізовано різнобічне трактування поняття «соціальна безпека», а також наведено власне тлумачення цієї категорії. Встановлено, що безробіття є одним із найвагоміших дестабілізуючих факторів соціальної безпеки. За допомогою моделі Хорла встановлено зв’язок між рівнем безробіття та кількістю злочинів, задано рівняння регресії, яке відображає цю функціональну залежність. Складено діаграму показників безробіття впродовж 2015 року. Запропоновано шляхи зниження рівня безробіття в Україні. The research of social security is important due to intensified social tensions in the country, decrease of living standards, low wages, increase of crime and unemployment level. The analysis of social security allows to identify the most significant threats in the country due to the fact that security in the social sphere generates some other threats related to other areas of national security. The article analyzes the definition of term «social security» by different scientists, and gives its own interpretation of the given category which is: social security is a state of security of a person, or the entire population, and their social interests, from the destabilizing factors; and the insurance of decent life within their native territory. The authors determined that unemployment is one of the most important factors destabilizing social security. Using Horl’s model, they identified the connection between unemployment and the number of crimes. The functional dependence can be displayed using the regression equation: у = –631,92 + 456396,28х + 98032,24х2 – 5893,05х3, where х is the unemployment level in Ukraine in 2005–2014; and у is the number of crimes Ukraine in 2005– 2014. It was established that the correlation coefficient is 0,729, which demonstrates a strong connection between the studied parameters. The level of unemployment during 2015 was analyzed, and it was found that the unemployment situation on the labor market tends to improve as the number of unemployed persons decreased every month. It was determined that the priority approaches reforming Ukrainian labor market are: improvement of the system of wages, expansion of opportunities for public basic and additional income, social support for certain groups of population, improvement of quality and competitiveness of the workforce; introduction of mechanisms of domestic production; promotion of effective and reasonable movement of the working population; prevention of unemployment increase by creating new jobs using various sources of financing.