Заходи щодо вдосконалення системи продовольчої безпеки України

Abstract

Окреслено низку проблем, які створюють реальну загрозу продовольчій безпеці України. Розглянуто концепцію організації системи забезпечення продовольчої безпеки нашої держави, де важливе місце та роль у протидії загрозам продовольчої безпеки має належати державі, а саме: забезпечення населення основними групами продовольства та гарантування безпеки відповідних суб’єктів у продовольчій сфері. The concept of «food security» has been used in the international practice since the 1970s, while in Ukraine since the 90s of the 20th century. In December 1974, the General Assembly of the United Nation endorsed «International commitments on food security in the world» developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In 1996, the World Food Summit adopted the Rome Declaration on World Food Security. According to the Declaration, food security is defined as the state of the economy, when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Food security ensures physical and social development, health and extended reproduction of the population. The concept of «food security» has two sides. Food security is understood and interpreted as a condition of the provision of the country with basic groups of good quality food, that are included in the consumer basket, not below the threshold standards, officially established by normative documents. The level of food security can be measured using appropriate indicators. On the other hand, food security is a function (security activity) of the food system aimed at counteracting threats and preserving their own integrity in order to create conditions for the realization of the national security interests in the food sector. However, unambiguous interpretation of the concept of «food security» does not exist today. There is no consensus on the structure and mechanisms of ensuring food security of our country. It is necessary to create or improve the existing system of food security for effective ensuring food security. In this regard, we propose the conceptual solution of the specified problem – a conceptual approach to ensuring food security in Ukraine.