Правові засади створення ломбардів в Україні

Abstract

Здійснено ґрунтовну спробу дослідження поняття «ломбард» в українському законодавстві. З’ясовано, що неодмінною умовою діяльності ломбарду є не тільки внесення його до Єдиного державного реєстру юридичних осіб, фізичних осіб-підприємців та громадських формувань, а й отримання Свідоцтва про реєстрацію фінансової установи. Визначено особливості та порядок створення ломбарду в Україні. Констатовано, що сьогодні не існує жодного законодавчого акту, який би комплексно врегульовував найважливіші питання, що виникають під час створення та діяльності ломбардів. The author investigates the concept «pawn shop» in the Ukrainian legislation. It is shown that the essential conditions of the pawn shop are not only entering the pawn shops in the unified State Register of legal entities, physical persons-entrepreneurs and public organizations but receiving a certificate of registration of a financial institution. The cause of creating non-bank financial institutions, including pawn shops is deterioration of the life of citizens, their need for getting financial services, additional financial resources to ensure their existence. The needs of people for financial services aimed at improving the living conditions, their activities to meet these needs have contributed to the creation of pawn shops. A pawn shop is a financial institution; its exclusive kind of activities is giving financial loans against security to individuals at the expense of their own or borrowed funds, under pledge of personal property for a specified period and at a specified rate of interest, and the provision of related services to the pawn shop. At present there is no legislative act regulating the most important issues that arise during the creation and activities of pawn shops. Pawn shops are considered to be the least-regulated financial market of Ukraine, which is in the sight of the State Commission for Regulation of Financial Services Markets. The process of creating pawn shops and organizing pawn activities is quite complicated. It includes 3 main stages of legitimation: 1) the state registration in the Unified State Register of legal entities, natural persons-entrepreneurs and public organizations, i.e., registration as an economic entity; 2) making information in the State Register of financial institutions; 3) licensing to conduct economic activities with the provision of financial services. In our opinion, the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Pawn Shops and Pawn Activities» will provide the opportunity to implement an effective state regulation of pawn activities in Ukraine, including the necessary legal mechanisms for creating pawn shops and fulfilling their functions.