Викрадення як наскрізне кримінально-правове поняття

Abstract

З’ясовано таке наскрізне кримінально-правове поняття, як викрадення. Проаналізовано особливості регламентації цього питання за чинним кримінальним законодавством України. Досліджено зміст і значення цього поняття у Кримінальному кодексі України та кримінально-правовій літературі. Висвітлено зміст окресленого поняття у постановах Пленуму Верховного Суду України. Відображено позицію судової практики в контексті розуміння такого поняття. Наведено співвідношення понять «викрадення» і «розкрадання». Запропоновано варіант кваліфікації діянь особи у низці випадків. The article is dedicated to the ascertaining of such a through criminal-legal notion as larceny. The peculiarities of regulation of this problem according to the valid Criminal code of Ukraine are analyzed. The sense and meaning of this notion is researched in the Criminal code of Ukraine and criminal-legal literature. It is argued that this notion has various criminal-legal sense sometimes. It is proved that underlying notion must have single meaning. This notion is not used in the General part of the Criminal code of Ukraine. On the other hand it is used almost in twenty articles of Special part of the Criminal code of Ukraine. The sense of the notion «larceny» is not clarified in the valid Criminal code of Ukraine. This criminal-legal notion includes two forms of stealing only. The underlying criminal-legal notion contains a reference to the action as the characteristic of the objective side of the body of crime and to the social dangerous consequences simultaneously. In some cases this notion contains a reference to the purpose of corresponding social dangerous action, and that is why it is the characteristic of the subjective side of the body of crime. The notion «larceny» is one of the types of possible social dangerous consequences in one case. It is also the characteristic of victim in one case. The underlying notion, which is used in the first parts of the articles 308 and 312 of the Criminal code of Ukraine has narrower content, than in other cases, because includes only withdrawal corresponding things by means of theft and non-violent robbery. The highest judicial body in the system of general jurisdiction interpetated the notion «larceny» in its resolutions. The sense of this notion is ascertained in the criminal legal literature. There are various points of view concerning also single bodies of the crimes. Judicial practice is similar. The notion «larceny» is analised concerning the body of the crime «Larceny of electricity and thermal energy by means of unauthorized use». The notion «stealing» is not used in the valid criminal legislation. That is why it is advisable to take as a basis corresponding doctrinal definition. The notion «larceny» is used in the articles 158, 357, 432 of the Criminal code of Ukraine only.