Забезпечення права на апеляційний та касаційний перегляд судових рішень у цивільних справах у контексті права на справедливий суд

Abstract

У статті на основі аналізу Цивільного процесуального кодексу України та Конвенції про захист прав людини й основоположних свобод надано загальнотеоретичну характеристику питань забезпечення права на апеляційний та касаційний перегляд судових рішень у цивільних справах у контексті права на справедливий суд. Досліджено питання апеляційного оскарження. Проаналізовано окремі аспекти підстав для касаційного перегляду судових рішень. Проаналізовано окремі рішення Європейського суду з прав людини. Окреслено авторське бачення подальшого розвитку нормативного регулювання відповідних відносин. During the last century, the issue of ensuring the widespread respect for human rights has grown beyond borders and has gained the world-wide signifcance for the entire world community. The most important principle of the implementation of these problems is the system of international legal documents containing the rules that have become universally accepted principles. Among such documents, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 04.11.1950 (the ECHR) and the Protocols there to have occupied an important place. The problematic aspects of providing appeals against decisions in the context of the right to a fair trial are the subject to special attention in the context of the judicial reform carried out in our country. In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 6 “Right to a fair trial” by the ECHR, in the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interests of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice. The parties to the case, as well as those who has not taken part in the case, if the court has decided on their rights, freedoms, interests and (or) duties, have the right to appeal the decision of the court of frst instance in the appeal court in full or in part. Similarly, the participants in the case, as well as those who has not taken part in the case, if the court has decided on their rights, freedoms, interests and / or duties, have the right to appeal in a cassation procedure. However, they are not subject to appeal: decisions, rulings of the court of frst instance and rulings of the court of appellate instance in cases, decisions of which are subject to review by the Supreme Court as an appeal ate court; judicial decisions in minor cases, except cases established by law. At the same time, in the case of “Miller v. Ukraine”, the European Court of Human Rights fur their argued that the way in which Art. 6 applies to appellate and cassation courts, should depend on procedural characteristics, and should take into account the rules of domestic law and the role of cassation courts in them, and the requirements for admissibility of the appeal on the substance of the law should be more stringent than for the ordinary appeal. In general, the approach to viewing judgments in civil cases which has been fxed in the new version of the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine meets the criteria arising from the practice of the European Convention on Human Rights. However, in the context of a real need for the principle of access to justice, guaranteeing every one the right to a fair trial, it seems appropriate view to ward in creasing the price criteria for category of minor disputes, and further delineation of the courting determining the complexity of the case.