Зміст поняття «транснаціональної організації» у контексті складу злочину, передбаченого ч. 5 ст. 143 КК України

Abstract

Стаття присвячена висвітленню однієї з актуальних проблем кримінального права щодо визначення змісту поняття «транснаціональної організації» у контексті складу злочину, передбаченого ч. 5 ст. 143 КК України. Визначення змісту поняття транснаціональної організації залишається не до кінця дослідженим феноменом, адже у науці кримінального права серед науковців немає одностайності щодо визначення форми співучасті у виді транснаціональної організації. Виникає потреба у чіткій дефініції цього поняття, визначенны ознак, що його характеризують. The article is devoted to the coverage of one of the actual problems of criminal law in relation to the defnition of the content of the concept of “transnational organization” in the context of the composition of the crime, provided for in Part 5 of Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The defnition of the content of the concept of a transnational organization remains a phenomenon not investigated to the full extent, since in the science of criminal law among scholars there is no unanimity regarding the defnition of the form of complicity in the form of a transnational organization. There is a need for a clear defnition of this concept, the defnition of characteristics that characterize it. The independent composition of the crime, provided for in Part 5 of Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is a participation in transnational organizations that deal with the removal of a person by forcing or deceiving her anatomical materials for the purpose of their transplantation, or committing such actions against persons who are in a helpless state or materially or otherwise dependent on the perpetrator or engaged in illegal trade in human anatomical materials. First of all, in analyzing the objective side of the abovementioned crime, it should be noted that the legislator, having declared the concept of “transnational organization” in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, did not indicate any of its features. There is no such defnition in the Resolution of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of Ukraine “On the Practice of Criminal Cases in Crimes Caused by Persistent Criminal Associations” of December 23, 2005, No. 13. The purpose of the article is to study the content of the concept of “transnational organization”, which will determine which form of complicity it belongs to. In the course of the study, it was found that transnational organizations, according to Part 5 of Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, does not apply to all signs of a criminal organization, defned in Part 4 of Art. 28, since the purpose of the latter is to commit only grave and especially grave crimes, and none of the crimes envisaged in parts 2, 3 and 4 of Art. 143 is not difcult or especially difcult. It should be noted that a transnational organization can be classifed as a stable hierarchical association of three or more persons, whose members or structural units, by prior agreement, were organized for joint activities with a view to directly committing acts provided for in parts 2, 3 and 4 of Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In order to avoid ambiguity in the process of law enforcement, taking into account the above provisions and the fact that the concept of a transnational organization is not enshrined at the legislative level, it is expedient in Part 5 of Art. 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to replace the notion of “transnational organization” with "“organized group”.