Сексуальне вбивство: особливості початку досудового розслідування

Abstract

Наукову статтю присвячено висвітленню питань особливостей початку досудового розслідування сексуального вбивства. Визначено, що своєчасно розпочате кримінальне провадження – важлива умова розкриття злочину. Уточнено що найчастіше зволікання з початком кримінального провадження за фактом учинення вбивства із запізненням лише на день спричиняє втрату речових доказів, знищення слідів, втечу злочинця, його самогубство і таке інше. Крім того, у зв’язку з тим, що такі злочини вчиняються переважно в міській зоні, іноді запізнення слідчо-оперативної групи з виїздом на місце події спричиняє повне знищення слідової картини вбивства. The scientific article is devoted to the issues of the peculiarities of the beginning of the pre-trial investigation of sexual murder. It has been determined that timely criminal proceedings are an important condition for the detection of a crime. It is specified that most often the delay in the beginning of crimin al proceedings on the fact of committing murder with a delay of only a day causes the loss of material evidence, destruction of traces, escape of the offender, his suicide and so on. In addition, due to the fact that such crimes are committed mainly in the urban area, sometimes the delay of the investigative task force to visit the scene causes the complete destruction of the trace of the murder. A study of scientific publications on the initiation of criminal proceedings on sexual homicides, as well as the specifics of verifying reports of disappearances on suspicion of murder in this category, showed that the greatest difficulties arise in identifying signs that indicate murder for sexual reasons. It is stated that the trace picture during sexual murders is characterized, as a rule, by a number of features which allow to assume sexual motives of a crime. With the beginning of criminal proceedings on the discovery of a corpse in doubtful circumstances it is necessary to include: forensic examination of the corpse, identification of the victim, search and interrogation of witnesses, investigative (search) actions aimed at establishing the immediate environment, and circumstances. The cause of death, established in the shortest possible time, makes it possible to distinguish accident, suicide, and natural death from violent death; identify material evidence and other traces left at the crime scene; to organize carrying out of investigative (search) actions on hot tracks. In our analysis of judicial and investigative practices of sexual homicide investigation, it was found that one of the main reasons for entering information into the ERDR and initiating a pre-trial investigation into the analyzed crimes was a statement of citizens about the discovery of a corpse or direct identification of a corpse. In addition, criminal proceedings for sexual killings began with the disappearance of citizens.