Працівник правоохоронного органу як суб’єкт злочину: автореферат

Abstract

У дисертації здійснено комплексне дослідження проблеми відповідальності працівника правоохоронного органу за кримінальним правом України. Обґрунтовано соціальна обумовленість встановлення кримінальної відповідальності працівників правоохоронних органів. Визначено поняття «працівник правоохоронного органу» та виокремлено сім груп злочинів, де працівник правоохоронного органу може бути суб’єктом злочину, з яких лише чотири групи передбачають статус працівника правоохоронного органу як такий, що має кримінально-правове значення. Охарактеризовано об’єктивні та суб’єктивні ознаки складів злочинів, що передбачають відповідальність працівника правоохоронного органу як суб’єкта злочину за кримінальним правом України. Визначено особливості предметів злочинів, вчинення яких працівником правоохоронного органу має кримінально-правове значення. Сформульовано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного законодавства в частині встановлення кримінальної відповідальності за злочини, що вчиняються працівниками правоохоронних органів. The problems of criminal liability of a law enforcement officer under the criminal law of Ukraine have been comprehensively analyzed. On this basis, proposals have been made to improve the current legislation regarding the establishment of criminal liability for crimes committed by law enforcement officials. It has been determined that certain provisions concerning the criminal liability of law enforcement officers cause heated debate in criminal law theory. In particular, it was found that the definition of the notion of «law enforcement officer» remains controversial among scientists; the list of persons who should belong to this concept and the criteria to be followed in this case are provided; the system of state bodies belonging to law enforcement and the system of features by which it can be achieved are identified. In addition, the definition of certain features of crimes, the commission of which by law enforcement officers has criminal value, remains debatable. It has been established that certain provisions remain poorly examined or unexplored at all. Such provisions concern the definition of an exhaustive list of socially dangerous acts committed by law enforcement officers; the provisions for defining the content of the terms «law enforcement officer», «law enforcement official» as the subjects of crime have not been reflected in scientific publications; it hasn’t been possible to find arguments that could further substantiate the appropriateness of defining abuse of power or authorities exclusively by a law enforcement officer or official as well. On the basis of the conducted research the term «law enforcement officer» is defined. Seven crime groups have been identified where a law enforcement officer may be the subject of a crime, of which only four groups provide for a law enforcement officer's status as having a real criminal value. The objective and subjective features of crime are described, which provide for the liability of a law enforcement officer as a subject of crime under the criminal law of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the objects of crimes, the commission of which by a law enforcement officer has criminal value, are determined. It is determined that when committing crimes in which a law enforcement officer’s status is of criminal law value, he encroaches on public relations that arise: 1) in the sphere of protection of state secrets, inviolability of state borders, securing of conscription and mobilization; 2) in the field of public and professional activity related to the provision of public services; 3) in the field of justice. The analysis of the objective side of the crime, commitment of which by a law enforcement officer is of criminal and legal significance, has made it possible to establish that the material ones include the crimes provided by Articles 329, 364, 365, 367, 368 (in the form of obtaining illegal gain), 380, 381 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Instead, formal crimes include acts provided for in Articles 328, 330, 366, 3661, 368 (in the forms of acceptance of a proposal, a promise, as well as a request to give an unlawful benefit), 370–374, 387 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is determined that the investigated corpus delicti of crimes in the form of guilt can be divided into: 1) crimes with material or formal corpus delicti, characterized by exclusively intentional form of guilt (Articles 330, 366, 3661, 368, 370–374 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); 2) crimes with a material corpus delicti, characterized exclusively by a deliberate form of guilt to act, and intentional or negligent form of guilt to consequences (Articles 364, 365 of the Criminal Code ofUkraine); 3) crimes with material or formal corpus delicti, characterized by careless form of guilt (Articles 380, 381 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); 4) crimes with a formal corpus delicti, which can be characterized by intentional and careless form of guilt (Articles 328, 387 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); 5) crimes with material corpus delicti, characterized by intentional or negligent form of guilt to act, and negligent form of guilt to consequence (Articles 329, 367 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The necessity to amend the criminal legislation of Ukraine, which establishes the responsibility of law enforcement officials, has been proved.