Загальновизнане уявлення про гостинність як індикатор корупціогенності у тексті Закону України «Про запобігання корупції»

Abstract

Висвітлюється проблема доктринального тлумачення поняття «загальновизнане уявлення про гостинність» як ознаки дозволеного подарунка. Досліджено питання корупціогенності, корупціогенних факторів, індикаторів корупціогенності відповідно до частини 2 статті 23 Закону України «Про запобігання корупції». Проаналізовано судову практику розгляду справ про адміністративне правопорушення, пов’язане з корупцією, передбачене у статті 172-5 «Порушення обмеження щодо одержання подарунка» Кодексу України про адміністративні правопорушення. The article describes the problem of corruption of the text of normative legal acts. Under corruption-based factors, understand the source, the cause of corruption, including corruption. The legal norm can have a corruption-based, that is, a potential possibility of corruption behavior, whereas the real reason (corruption-causing factor) is related to the volitional sphere of human behavior. It was concluded that it would be advisable to distinguish between the corruption-related nature of the text of a normative legal act as a potential possibility of corrupt behavior of the subject applying this law and corruption-causing factors as the reason for committing corruption offenses that are not necessarily related to the corrupt nature of the text of a legal act . The corruption of the text of a normative legal act does not mean that a corruption offense can be committed by a person who has used such a property. Therefore, the corruption-based nature of the text of a legal act only creates a «background» for corruption-based factors. The article deals with the problem of doctrinal interpretation of the concept of «generally accepted notion of hospitality» as a sign of a permitted gift. Taking into account the widespread meanings of words included in the terminology of the «generally accepted idea of hospitality», one can notice that the relevant property relates to the sphere of reception of visitors, care for them, and also that the corresponding traditions are acceptable to all members of society, are recognized by them taking into account certain traditions and knowledge. At the same time, hospitality is an economic category and a universal culturological concept that permeates all spheres of human life and the same condition for the existence of a society. The content of the concept of «generally accepted notion of hospitality» as the inherent property of a permitted gift in anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine can only be established by analyzing Ukrainian traditions of receiving guests, expressing them gratitude and respect. At the same time, the feeling of a generally accepted notion of hospitality should be assessed through the prism of subjective perception by a person subject to the anti-corruption restriction on the receipt of gifts in a particular environment, which is conditioned by taking into account the rules of etiquette. The gift meets the generally accepted notion of hospitality in the case when it is not related to the activity carried out by a person authorized to perform functions of the state or local self-government or a person equal to it, and also in the case between the person who gives and which takes a gift, there is no relationship of subordination. Given the essence of the gift for the content of the relevant anti-corruption restriction, it should be noted that the gift meets the generally accepted notion of hospitality in the event that the gift is one-time. In cases where gifts are donated to the same person authorized to perform functions of the state or local self-government or an equal person to it, on a permanent basis, the language should be spoken not of a gift, but of unlawful gain. However, in some cases, the repeatedly received gift during the year may not be subject to the anticorruption restriction established in Article 23 of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention of Corruption» (the aggregate value of such gifts received from one person (group of persons) during the year does not exceed two subsistence minimum, established for an able-bodied person on January 1 of the year in which gifts are accepted).