Правовий статус іноземців та осіб без громадянства в цивільному процесі України: автореферат

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена науковому аналізу правового статусу іноземців та осіб без громадянства в цивільному судочинстві України, аналізу особливостей розгляду і вирішення цивільних справ за їх участю в якості сторони, третіх осіб, інших учасників судового процесу та удосконаленню нормативно-правової бази щодо провадження у справах за участю вказаних суб’єктів. Детально досліджено основні питання провадження у справах за участю іноземних осіб: реалізація іноземцями та особами без громадянства права на звернення до суду за захистом, підсудність судам України справ з іноземним елементом, визначення правових режимів цивільного процесуального статусу іноземців, осіб без громадянства як учасників справи, представників, особливості надання міжнародної правової допомоги. The dissertation is devoted to the scientific analysis of the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons in civil proceedings of Ukraine, the analysis of features of consideration and resolution of civil cases with the participation of third parties, other participants of the trial as a party and the improvement of the regulatory framework for proceedings with the participation of these entities. The main issues of proceedings in cases involving foreigners have been studied in detail: the realization of the right to apply to the court for protection and judicial protection by foreigners and stateless persons, the jurisdiction of cases with a foreign element to the courts of Ukraine, the determination of legal regimes of civil procedural status of foreigners, stateless persons; civil procedural status of foreigners, stateless persons – participants of the case, representatives, other participants of the trial, especially the provision of international legal assistance. In order to take into account the positive foreign experience, emphasis is made on the need to eliminate gaps in determining the civil procedural status of foreigners and stateless persons as participants in court proceedings, by providing proposals on amendments to the legislation of Ukraine which regulates their participation. The analysis of scientific works and legislation of Ukraine has made it possible to determine the main features of the participation of foreign persons in the civil process of Ukraine. Thus, it is established that civil proceedings with the participation of these entities are carried out on the basis of two principles: the principle of extension of the national legal regime and the principle of application of procedural law to the law of the state whose court is considering the case with a foreign element. Thus, with regard to determining the civil procedural legal capacity of foreigners and stateless persons, the conflict binding of the «law of the court» will be applied and it has been established that the material and civil procedural legal personality of foreigners should not be identified. Special attention is paid to the fact that the civil procedural legal personality of foreigners and stateless persons depends on the procedural status they occupy in the civil proceedings of Ukraine (parties, third parties, other participants in the proceedings). The content of the concepts of «the right to judicial protection» and «the right to appeal to the court for protection» of foreigners and stateless persons in the civil process of Ukraine has been improved and the possibility of their implementation has been established. Foreigners have the right to protection of the same rights, freedoms or interests by the same means and in the same order as citizens of Ukraine and cannot claim exceptions from the local law. The civil procedural legislation of Ukraine does not contain restrictions or conditions, the fulfillment of which is necessary for foreigners, stateless persons in order to apply to the court. It has been concluded that one of the features of the consideration of cases with a "foreign element" by courts is the presence of the institution of court orders to provide legal assistance. For example, a court order to gather evidence on the territory of a foreign state, etc., necessitates an increase in the term of considering the case on the merits established by law. When considering the issue of representation of foreigners and stateless persons in the civil proceedings of Ukraine, the possibility of participation of a foreign lawyer, the procedure and conditions for acquiring the right to practice law in Ukraine have been clarified. In particular, it has been proposed to take a qualifying examination for knowledge of domestic law – with the intention of carrying out all types of advocacy in Ukraine. The possibility of procedural representation of foreigners by the consul has been investigated, as a result of which it has been decided to include the bodies and persons who by law have the right to apply to the court in the interests of other persons (Article 56 of the CPC of Ukraine). In studying one of the essential novelties of civil procedural legislation – the introduction of a new participant in the trial – a legal expert, considerable attention in the dissertation is devoted to the peculiarities of his legal status, the grounds for involving a foreign specialist as a legal expert in civil proceedings of Ukraine. Thus, in order to interpret the norms of foreign law, special knowledge of a foreign specialist is required, as an expert in such cases, who has a more accurate and complete knowledge of the law to be applied. At the same time, it has been proposed to consider the opinion of an expert on legal issues that is a procedural form of the proclamation of the expert’s opinion, as the evidence in the process, by establishing clear requirements for its content.