Свобода і відповідальність як філософсько-правові засади формування законослухняності особи: автореферат

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена філософсько-теоретичному дослідженню ґенези і змісту свободи, відповідальності та законослухняності, як категорій філософії права, через спробу критичного аналізу, осмислення та узагальнення як історії філософсько-правової думки, так і сучасних положень правової науки. На основі цього здійснюється створення концепції свободи та відповідальності як основних принципів формування законослухняності особи. Обґрунтовано методологію філософії права, що дало змогу вивчити втілення єдності та взаємообумовленості свободи та відповідальності як засад формування законослухняності особи виходячи з основних положень онтології, гносеології, праксеології та аксіології. Представлено оригінальне розуміння «законослухняності» – це відповідальна правомірна поведінка, що характеризується свідомим підпорядкуванням людей вимогам закону. На підставі виконаного дослідження автором сформульовано висновки з досліджуваних питань і практичні пропозиції, спрямовані на вдосконалення нормативного закріплення законослухняності, свободи, відповідальності та сприяння подальшим науковим дослідженням у сфері аналізу первинних основ права та вирішення низки теоретичних і практичних науково-правових проблем.The thesis is devoted to the philosophical and theoretical investigation of genesis and content of freedom, responsibility and law-abidance as categories of philosophy of law through critical analysis, comprehension and general conclusions as history of both philosophical and legal knowledge and modern legal norms of law science. It is determined that the understanding of correlation of freedom and responsibility and their impact on a law-abiding person at different stages of philosophical and legal thinking was due to the peculiarities of communication, institutional and socio-cultural characteristics of those periods during which certain historical concepts of the correlation of freedom and responsibility had been created. Classification of historical stages of forming ideas of freedom and responsibility is carried out: 1) emergence of the first notions of freedom and responsibility on the philosophical, ethical and legal levels; 2) formation of the ideology of formal legal freedom and responsibility; 3) consolidation of the principles of freedom and responsibility in a democratic legislation; 4) approval of the ideas of freedom and responsibility as universal values; 5) expanding of the content of the ideas of freedom and responsibility in modern legal reality. The methodology of philosophy of law is grounded, which made it possible to study the embodiment of unity and interdependence of freedom and responsibility as the principles of forming law-abiding individuals on the basis of the main provisions of ontology, epistemology, axiology and praxeology. It is stated that a common feature of freedom and responsibility as social phenomena is their intentional character. Each subject and society is exposed to arising the images of the phenomena of freedom and responsibility, which are supported within their intentional horizon and certain social and cultural conditions. Undoubtedly, the necessary determinant of changes of images of freedom and responsibility appears to be the dynamics of social transformation. In clarifying a value content of freedom, responsibility and law-abidance, the thesis proceeds from the natural legal concepts of law based on the fundamental axiological ideas of equality and justice. The author adheres to the positions of including the concepts of freedom and responsibility as the semantic components into a value meaning of a law-abiding person. This was the ground for the creation of the concept of freedom and responsibility as the basic principles of a law-abiding person. The original understanding of "law-abidance" is presented as a responsible lawful behavior, characterized by deliberate subordination of people to law. In order to disclose the concept of "law-abidance” the author" pays a special attention to the analysis of the features of the forms and manifestations of its regulatory consolidation in the Ukrainian legislation compared to its essence in international legal documents, clarification of essential principles for cooperation between international law and national legal system. The author proves that in all democratic countries, the responsibility is an integral part of legal awareness of a law-abiding person, which in turn stipulates the need in recognizing a lawful behavior and, consequently, compliance with social and legal order. Law-abiding behavior is defined as the activity of an individual and collective entities in accordance with the legal norms rendered in the form of compliance with the legal prohibitions, fulfillment of legal obligations, the use of subjective rights, law enforcement guaranteed and protected by the state. On the basis of the research, the author made conclusions on the abovementioned problems and practical suggestions aimed at improving regulatory consolidation of "law-abidance," freedom, responsibility and promoting further research in analysis of the primary foundations of law, determining the ways and approaches to solve a number of theoretical and practical scientific and legal problems.