Поліцейська освіта: європейські підходи до організації та тенденції розвитку

Abstract

У статті досліджено європейські підходи до підготовки кадрів для поліції. Показано, що вони детермінуються низкою чинників, таких як: державна політика, ідеологія і соціальні настановлення; національно-історичні традиції; освітні концепції, ідеї та принципи; специфіка національних правових систем; особливості організації та регулювання діяльності правоохоронних органів тощо. Зазначено, що тенденціями розвитку систем підготовки поліцейських у європейських країнах можна вважати посилення їх кооперації, уніфікацію національних законодавств, активну націленість на співпрацю із суспільством та збільшення у програмах підготовки частки соціально-поведінкових наук. The aim of the article was to analyze the results of the already implemented reforms of police training systems in foreign countries in the context of the possibility of further use of the already gained experience in the reorganization of police education and error prevention. The authors set themselves the goal to reveal the main features of the training of law enforcement offcers in European countries in the perspective of historical, economic, social, organizational factors. European approaches to police training have been explored in the context of both legal and sociopsychological aspects. It is shown that they are determined by a number of factors, such as: public policy, ideology and social attitudes; national-historical traditions; educational concepts, ideas and principles; specifcs of national legal systems; features of organization and regulation of law enforcement agencies, etc. It is determined that the tendencies of development of police training systems in European countries can be considered the strengthening of their cooperation, unifcation of national legislation, active focus on cooperation with society and increase in the share of social and behavioral sciences in training programs. The system of professional training of law enforcement offcers in Ukraine is both an organic part of the state education system and a base for professional training of police offcers. Its main task is to promote the formation of a professional core of highly qualifed specialists in all areas of police activity, providing them with the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to work in a state-building environment, the formation of market relations. Strengthening human resources in law enforcement is one of the main factors in ensuring the effective operation of law enforcement agencies of any country. The current police education in Ukraine is characterized by the approximation of national standards of training to the requirements established in the Member States of the European Union. But at the same time, it should be borne in mind that due to many historical and other reasons, the conditions of professional activity of police offcers in Ukraine differ signifcantly from Western models. Therefore, by simply copying the police training system of any country, such as Britain, Germany or Poland without proper adaptation to the peculiarities of our society and state, we will get a non-viable structure that will not be able to train personnel for service in the realities of our state.