Вплив складних життєвих обставин на психічний розвиток дитини

Abstract

Проаналізовано вплив складних життєвих обставин на психічний роз-виток дитини. Охарактеризовано поняття «складні життєві обставини». З’ясовано, що психічний розвиток дитини у складних життєвих обставинах залежить від впливу середовища, де виховується дитина-сирота; недоліків в організації педагогічних процесів у закладах державної опіки тощо. The article is devoted to the impact of complex life circumstances on the child’s mental development. A characteristic of understanding complex life circumstances is given, which is explained as the impossibility of the person to live and work normally, which leads to its lack of autonomy. The peculiarities of the mental development of the personality of the orphaned child are considered, which are brought up in the conditions of guardianship institutions. The statistical data on the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care in the Lviv region of Ukraine are indicated. It is established that each year their number increases, which negatively affects the mental development of such children. The bases of preventive work with orphaned children and their environment are analyzed. It is established that the preventive work contains 3 components: primary (general enlightenment), secondary (working with children and their families) and tertiary prevention (working with affected children). The author came to the conclusion that the factors that determine the child’s mental development in difficult circumstances of life are reduced to the impact of the environment where the orphans are raised, as well as the shortcomings in the organization of pedagogical processes in guardianship institutions and the like. Сhildren get in children’s homes, foster families affected by difficult life circumstances and, therefore, it affects the mental development of the child. Factors that determine the mental development of children in difficult circumstances of life, reduced to anatomical and physiological disorders of the central nervous system (heredity, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.); the impact of environment where the child is brought up orphan; shortcomings in the organization of educational process in institutions of care.