Загальна характеристика проблемних слідчих ситуацій, що виникають під час досудового розслідування злочинів

Abstract

У статті на підставі критичного аналізу визначень проблемних слідчих ситуацій, з урахуванням особливостей кримінальної процесуальної діяльності з досудового розслідування злочинів за КПК України 2012 року, виділено умови, що впливають на формування проблемних слідчих ситуацій, які виникають під час досудового розслідування злочинів, ознаки, за якими здійснено класифікацію типових проблемних слідчих ситуацій та запропоновано їх визначення. In the article, on the basis of a critical analysis of the definitions of problematic investigative situations, taking into account the peculiarities of criminal procedural activities in the pre-trial investigation of crimes for the CPC of Ukraine in 2012, the conditions affecting the formation of problematic investigative situations that arise during the pre-trial investigation of crimes are identified. In particular, the conditions forming the problematic investigative situation during the pre-trial investigation include the absence or lack of information about the sources of information that has probative value, the inability to use available information about the circumstances of the crime at a certain point without disclosing the sources of its receipt, which are necessary To keep secret from the suspect, to counteract the investigation of an offense by interested persons, the lack of appropriate scientific and technical means for fixing evidence in the conduct of a specific investigative (search) or The absence of or lack of experience with the investigating officer in investigating the crime in the resulting situation, the extent of the general capacity of the investigator (the number, complexity and timing of the pre-trial investigation remaining in other criminal proceedings that are in his proceedings). Depending on the combination of these conditions, probation investigation situations are proposed to be divided into situations of information uncertainty about the circumstances of the crime and the situation of counteraction to the investigation of the crime. The situation of information uncertainty about the circumstances of a crime is a situation characterized by an objectively due lack of data on sources of information that has probative value, or in which the collected data about a crime at a certain moment in the investigation can not be uniquely assessed as confirmatory the involvement of specific individuals in the crime and require their verification. The situation of counteraction to the investigation of a crime is a situation of interaction of the person investigating the crime and the person who opposes the establishment of the circumstances of the crime. As a result, the problem situation is defined as a system of conditions influencing the formation of the situation of information uncertainty about the circumstances of the crime and the persons involved in it or the conflict between participants in the investigation of a particular crime, arising as a result of their assessment by a person investigating a crime, complex cognitive tasks, the decisions of which require from it an additional comprehension of its content, factors of origin and careful preparation for the conduct of the corresponding procedural actions.