Тенденції зовнішньоторговельної діяльності України в сучасних умовах зовнішньоекономічної безпеки

Abstract

Здійснено аналіз сучасних підходів до оцінювання рівня зовнішньоекономічної безпеки країни. Досліджено ступінь діючих та ймовірних загроз зовнішньоекономічній безпеці. Охарактеризовано сучасну зовнішньоторговельну сферу України та її взаємозв’язок з зовнішньоекономічною безпекою держави. Розглянуто основні показники зовнішньої торгівлі України за 2008–2014 рр., ступінь відкритості національної економіки, проаналізовано товарну та географічну структуру експорту й імпорту, вивчено питання частки високотехнологічного та сировинного експорту в загальному обсязі експорту, досліджено зміни у напрямі розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі України, пов’язані зі структурними змінами її геополітичного вектора. Розроблено низку пропозицій щодо зміцнення системи забезпечення зовнішньоекономічної безпеки України в перспективі. The article provides an analysis of the recent approaches to assessment of the level of foreign economic security of the country. The dangers connected with such kinds of foreign economic activity as international trade, international capital exchange, international technology transfer, transmigration of labor power were investigated. The methodological and practical approaches to the development of policies of foreign economic security provision were determined. Modern foreign trade sphere of Ukraine and its interrelation with foreign economic security of the state were analyzed. Main indicators of foreign trade of Ukraine of 2008–2014 years and the degree of the openness of national economy were considered. A special attention was paid to the research of general structure of foreign trade and the detailed analysis of import and export of goods and services. Export and import patterns as well as its geographical structure were analyzed; the issue of a part of advanced technology and extractive export in bulk of export was studied, conclusions were made concerning the degree of concentration and diversification of home country’s import and export and the influence of those indicators on the foreign economic security of Ukraine.Changes aimed at the development of foreign trade of Ukraine connected with the structural changes of its geopolitical vector were investigated. The list of the main problems of systematic character was compiled connected with the provision of foreign trade security. The top-priority directions of state foreign economic policy concerning the export activity of domestic enterprises were suggested. In this direction particular attention is to be paid to the engagement of direct foreign investments into Ukraine as well as to setting up of new enterprises with not an insignificant part of foreign capital in authorized fund. It is reasonable to create a State fund of investments insurance of physical persons and nonresidents as well as a sector of state banks including several state investment banks which would carry out not only mortgage credit lending but also long-term lending of efficacious investment projects. General recommendation on dealing with problems and creation of favorable conditions for the realization of national interests in the sphere of foreign trade were given.