Розвиток гречкосіяння як актуальний напрям забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України

Abstract

У зв’язку з вагомим значенням гречкосіяння для продовольчої безпеки держави, проаналізовано стан та тенденції вирощування гречки в Україні у 1990–2019 рр. Встановлено, що посівні площі гречки катастрофічно знижуються. Обґрунтовано, що причиною скорочення вирощування та переробки гречки є, насамперед, незадовільний рівень держаного регулювання землеробства. Визначено напрями вдосконалення державного регулювання вирощування гречкосіяння: розроблення державної програми його розвитку; відновлення державних контрактів на вирощування гречки; дотаційна підтримка виробникам; формування та покращення екологічної культури цього виду землеробства; налагодження горизонтальної інтеграції з бджільництвом. Due to the signifcant importance of buckwheat for the food security of the state, the state and trends of buckwheat cultivation in Ukraine in the years 1990-2019 were analyzed.In the conditions of global climatic emergency, food security becomes an actual state task. It is established that buckwheat acreage is sharply reduced. It is substantiated that the reason for the reduction of cultivation and processing of buckwheat is, frst of all, the poor level of state regulation of agriculture. The directions of improvement of the state regulation of cultivation of buckwheat are determined: eleboratation of the state program of its development; renewal of state buckwheat cultivation contracts; subsidized support to manufacturers; formation and improvement of ecological culture of this type of agriculture; establishing horizontal integration with beekeeping. It is especially relevant for Ukraine: recently the state in the Global food security rating (Global Food Security Index) went down from 47 (in 2014) to a 76 (in 2019) position among 113 countries. Solution to problem of food security depends on efciency of national agriculture, presence, state, rational use and maximal involvement agricultural resources, mainly, land to the productive usage. Buckwheat as an agricultural culture has a considerable social, ecological and economic value and large impact on the implementation of these tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this article is indentifcation buckwheat cultivation tendencies in 1990–2019, current and strategic dangers of this agricultural sector and ground on this basis effective economic and administrative measures of resource providing, food, and thus, Ukraine national security. For research of trends and legal, organizational, worldview aspects of regulation of buckwhea cultivation such methods of scientifc research were used: system, statistic, historical, logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The main results of the investigation are establishment of catastrophic reduction of buckwheat snowing areas and evidence a main reason of reduction buckwheat growing and processing: unsatisfactory level of agriculture government regulation. Providing of food security of Ukraine, the maintenance of Ukrainian landed resources require the improvement of government regulation of buckwheat cultivation: development of the buckwheat growing government program; reinstatement of the state contracts on buckwheat growing; fnancial subsidy to the buckwheat producers; forming and improvement of the ecological culture of this agriculture type; adjusting of horizontal integration with beekeeping.